The account manager will call it an uplift and tie it loosely to costs, inflation, investment in the product. Some of that is true of the list price. None of it explains the number on your quote.
The number on your quote is three things stacked together. The list price has gone up, which is the part that looks like inflation. The discount you signed with has gone down, which is the part nobody mentions. And the account has grown, through users and modules added over the term at whatever rate was going at the time, so the base the uplift is applied to is bigger than the one you signed. Add those up and a single-digit list increase turns into a double-digit bill increase without anyone having done anything unusual.
The tell is in the arithmetic. If the increase on your quote is bigger than the increase in Oracle’s list price for the same products, inflation is not what you’re looking at. You’re looking at a smaller discount on a bigger base. That’s a pricing decision about your account, and pricing decisions can be changed.
What changes them isn’t a better argument about inflation. It’s a customer who knows what they need, knows what they’re paying for line by line, and has a plan for what they’d do if the price is wrong. Oracle prices the renewal against the cost of leaving. Lower that cost, in ways it can see, and the number moves.